The audio amplifier or the sound card in a system contains DAC that converts the audio signal stored in digital device into an analog signal. The audio signal is analog in nature but it is converted using ADC (analog to digital converter) into digital format to edit & store in storage devices in various digital formats such as mp3, wav etc. Some of the various applications of a DAC are given below Audio: Counter and Different Types of Electronic Countersĭigital to analog converters are used in various applications to convert a digitally processed signal into an analog signal.Resolution is the number of possible output levels a DAC can produce. Resolution & step size of a DAC plays important role in the precision & accuracy of the analog output. Resolution & Step Size of Digital to Analog Converter Related Post: Sum Of Product (SOP) & Product Of Sum (POS).2 nd order low pass filter would be a great choice for a PWM base digital to analog converter. The low pass filter used can be a first order. The PWM wave is the filtered using a low pass filter to remove the fluctuations & provide a smooth analog voltage.
We can use a binary number to generate such type signal whose duty cycle depends on the binary digit. Like 40% duty cycle signal means it stays high for 40% of time & stays low for 60%. He duty is the % turn on time of the signal, the % amount of time for which the signal remains high. Pulse Width Modulation or PWM is a method of varying the average power of a signal by varying its duty cycle. It is another method used in digital to analog converter & microcontrollers such as Arduino can be easily programed to utilize its PWM function to generate an analog output. V out = – 8.25 v Advantages of R-2R Ladder DAC R- 2R ladder circuit is made by adding combination R & 2R resistor in cascaded form as shown in the following figure. This method is more precise, accurate & easy to design then the weighted resistor method. These drawbacks can be resolved by using the other method discussed below.
The DAC can be designed using one of the following types of circuits. DEMUX – Demultiplexer | Types, Construction & Applications.MUX – Digital Multiplexer | Types, Construction & Applications.This is how the digital to analog converter DAC works by adding the weights of all corresponding bits with its value to generate the analog value at its output. In order to view our edited work, we use DACs to convert it back into the analog domain to view & listen it through our screen & speakers. We process it using our computers to edit it according to over needs. We capture the data using our digital camera & microphone to convert the analog data into digital. An example of that would be the process of audio & video editing. In order to understand the data that we process in a digital domain, we need to convert it into analog domain. But we cannot understand the digital data in real world. It conserves time & helps in processing complex data according to our need. Why we convert them into digital form in the first place if we want to convert them back? The processing speed of a digital computer is very fast & can compute or process any data in a matter of micro seconds. The information exist in real world is in analog form. Related Post: Analog to Digital Converter (ADC) – Block Diagram, Factors & Applications.The DAC has several digital inputs & a single analog output.